Ramazan Mobaric

Arain آرائین - The Caste

Arain (a caste)  are one of the two major castes, ethic or social group of Burj Attari, second are Chohaan, the real resident of Attari. (Main Atricle: History of Burj-Attari, comming soon)


ARAIN:
The Arain, are supposed to be an agricultural caste settled in the Punjab both Indian and Pakistani. They are chiefly associated with farming, traditionally being small landowners or zamindars.


Brief History (I know yet):Arains came with Arab invaders Mohammed Bin Qasim to the Hindostan, though some people believe that the Arains are native to the northern areas of the Sub-Continent. They purport to have come from AREEHA (Jericho, Syria) which is now in Palestine. They were declared that they are Areehai Ummayad Arabs from Areha which was a Punjabized nasal sound to Arain and the claim Arab descent is doubtless based upon the demographic that nearly all Arains are Muslims, and of these, almost all have been Sunni Muslim, as were the early Arabs of Muhammad bin Qasim's expedition.


Regions with significant population:

• Pakistan
• Europe
• India
• US
• Canada
• Australia

Religion: Islam


Languages:
Punjabi, Urdu, Hindko, Sindi, Pushto, Balochi, Hindi, Gojrati, Seraiki, English...


Famous Figures:

• Pir Shah Inayat Qadiri Shattari (Sufi saint and the spiritual guide of Baba Bulleh Shah)
• Chaudhry Muhammad Ali (PM of Pakistan)
• Khalil-ur-Rehman Ramday (ex Chief Justice Lahore HC)
• Sir Muhammad Shafi (president of the All India Muslim League)
• Mohammed Sarwar (first British Muslim member of the UK Parliament)
• Qudrat Ullah Shahab (bureaaucrat, scholar)
• General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq (president of Pakistan)
• Admiral Muhammad Afzal Tahir (Pakistan's Chief of Naval Staff)
• Lieutenant Karam ud Din (Tamgha-i-Khidmat, ex Pakistan Navy officer)
• Muhammad Farooq (journalist, Qari and Naat Khawan)
• Hanif Ramay (former Governor and Chief Minister of Punjab) n many others....

Disclaimer: Errors n mistakes will be accepted n fixed after authentication if found any.

Courtesy: Arain Society

Street Mapping

Click to enlarge

Click to enlarge

Mapping had been sketched by Ahmad Nowaz, all errors n mistakes 'll be accepted n fixed.

Attari Hits Highest In Matriculation

Attrai got the top position in Matriculation exam result announced this August in whole of its area - Shahdra-Sharaqpor-Road (excluding Shahdra). A female student of private institute SAYYED LYCEUM named Miss SABA SHOKAT scored 971 marks out from a total of 1,050 making an aggregate of 92.4%, ever hit in Attari and surroundings earlier.

Taking to Mr. Mohammed Usman - a teacher.

“Since launch of Lyceum it's been our goal to deliver the excellence quality education n integrity to the students of Attari and nearby areas. Being a teacher of class this is a tribute not only to me but to all our staff, as we've together taken Lyceum to new heights". Our class got a result of more than 95% overall. He added later.

Let's Learn What This Technology Is

What Is Biogas?

Biogas is a gas mixture which is generated when organic compounds are fermented in the absence of air (anaerobic fermentation). This gas mixture is mainly made of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4). Methane is a combustible gas, which means it can be burned. It can be used as a fuel for cooking and lighting.

The Biological Gas Plant

A plant to collect biological gas has five components: the inlet, the fermentation chamber, the gas, the gas storage bag or tank, and the outlet and the exit pipe through which the gas is removed. Organic matter such as manure (human or animal), duckweed or rice straw is brought into the fermentation chamber (through the inlet). The process of anaerobic fermentation will take place here to generate biological gas (biogas). It will also produce a substrate rich in nutrients which can be used as organic fertilizer or fish feed.

The processing of manure, organic rubbish and wastewater in the plant helps to keep the environment clean. There is no longer any bad smell from sewage or livestock manure. Cooking by biogas is much cleaner than cooking over a wood fire, and there is no smoke to cause lung problems and eye diseases.

The Technology

Begin by loading the fermentation chamber with the materials to be fermented (manure or other wastes). You should begin with an initial load of 300 - 500 kg of materials for each cubic meter of the fermentation chamber.

This needs to be supplemented by an additional 8- 10 kg each day for each cubic meter of the fermentation chamber. The gas output will be 250 - 400 liters for each cubic meter of the chamber.

Expressed another way, 1 kg of manure will have a gas yield of 30 - 60 liters/day, for several days. The gas yield from 1 kg of water hyacinth will be 40 - 50 liters/day, for several days.

One cubic meter of gas (= 1000 liters) is enough to cook the day's food for a 6 - 7 member family, or provide lighting for 4 - 5 hours. It could replace one liter of petrol to operate a 400W electric generator for two hours.

Precautions

• The plant must be tested to make sure it is water-tight and gas-tight.
• Enough fresh material must be added before it is used every day.
• There must be a water source to provide enough water to clean the livestock pens regularly, to provide fresh material for the fermentation chamber system. (Each liter of manure needs 1 - 3 liters of water).
• The plant must be equipped with a safety valve or U-shaped barometer.
• Chemicals such as detergents or pesticides must not be put into the fermentation chamber.
• After fresh manure and water is added to the fermentation chamber, the valve should be opened so the gas can escape. At this stage, the gas is mainly carbon dioxide. This should be done once or twice, before the biogas plant comes into use for biogas production.
• The gas from the fermentation chamber is not used directly, but is stored in an auxiliary gas tank protected by a safety valve. It is this auxiliary gas tank, not the main gas tank, which is connected to any domestic appliances.

Stats of Bio-gas Plant

Materials Used for the Construction:

#	Material	Amounts	Rupees (PKR)
1	Bricks	3500	12250
2	Bajri	50 feet	2150
3	Sand	100 feet	1800
4	Cement	35 bags	8100
5	Concrete pipe	4 (12 inches)	1850
6	Sarya	8 pieces of 2 sooter(2.5 feet) 2 pieces of 4 sooter(3 feet)	350
7	Pressure gauge,Handle valve,bush,elbow	1,1,1,1	1000
8	Steel pipe	1,1 feet length(1 inch)	200

Labour charges:

No	Labor	Days	Cost (PKR)
1	Dump digging	11 days	10,800
2	Dump construction	16 days	19,200

Total Expenditure:
Total expenditures for the construction of biogas plant using relatively cheapest materials is 70,000 rupees.

Time Schedule for the Construction:

#	Schedule	Date
1	Class visit (First) for Site Selection	29-Mar-10
2	Start of dump digging	1-Apr-10
3	Class visit (Second)	9-Apr-10
4	Completion of digging dump	11-Apr-10
5	Class Visit (Third)	22-Apr-10
6	Start of dump construction	22-Apr-10
7	4th class visit	25-Apr-10
8	Completion of dump construction	07-May-10
9	Construction of inlet and outlet tanks with lids	25-May-10
10	5th Visit	15-Jub-10

Conclusion:

All the material was provided to the place of construction with following characteristics.

• Low cost of material to be purchased.
• Good quality material.
• In time and safely provision.

Thanks to Waseem Ahmad for providing Sats.